A bruise (Ecchymosis) occurs when tiny capillaries under the skin rupture and leak blood into surrounding tissues. The color changes from red to purple, green, yellow, then brown as the hemoglobin breaks down into biliverdin, bilirubin, and hemosiderin.

The systematic recognition of obsessive-compulsive symptoms dates back to 19th-century European psychiatry. In 1838, French psychiatrist Jean Esquirol was the first to use the term “obsessions” to describe persistent, intrusive thoughts. He classified them under the broader psychiatric category of “monomania”, referring to an intense preoccupation with a single idea or behavior.